The problem with making a ship that does the jobs of both a carrier and a destroyer or cruiser is that it will be more costly, it won't do either of the jobs as well as a specialized craft and it isn't really a great thing tactically.
Carriers are expensive things, they take a long time to build because of the launch facilities, and are expensive in the sense of manpower. A carrier carries many expensive smaller craft, as well. The pilots and those that support the fighters cost millions of credits each to train. On the other hand, a destroyer is quickly and cheaply (relatively) made. Though it has skilled workers, it's not comparable to the price of fighter pilots and the huge amount of auxiliary crew members that are needed to support a fighter wing.
To be useful, a destroyer is relatively small, maneuverable and packed with guns. Unfourtunately, having fighters takes up a lot of space. You need storage space, somewhere for support facilities, and launch areas. This affects the speed and maneuverability rather negatively. It also creates holes in defenses, since you can't safely place defenses near landing and launching areas. They're a hazard for the pilots. So you need to cut down on the amount of fighters to make the ship semi-viable when attacking capships, but it's still basically a lumpy destroyer. It's a great target for the enemy.
Tacrically it isn't much more useful than a carrier *or* a destroyer. While you're launching fighters you can't be maneuvering too much. It's rather hard to launch ships while you're moving around like crazy. You also can't go and fight after you've launched them... you have to be there to support your fighters in case something happens. What if a bunch of ships get badly damaged? What if they meet up with greater resistance and have to retreat? The ship can attempt to pull back, but it will be followed by hostiles. Either you launch your fighters and leave them to die, or you keep them locked down and fight it out.
So what you have, basically, is something that is either a crappy destroyer or a crappy carrier. You end up with something that is too expensive to risk throwing away on a capship battle, but is supposed to fill that role. When you look at the Cerberus, it's really more of an escort carrier than a cruiser of any sort. I very much doubt it could hold itself too well in a fight. It's anti-capship capabilities are based off a single gun, which is a rather easy target for the enemy. Realistically, carrier/destroyer combos don't really work.
TC