BarFly said:
High,
@Haesslich
I just mixed up wealthier and healthier. The correct sentence is:
If people get wealthier they tend to have less children.
I agree with most of your posting, but I still think that the population wouldn't increase to such high numbers. Never before in history, with the exception of the very early stage of mankind, woman were equal to man, in the way they are now. I bet, man will not be able to reduce women again to machines that have to deliver kids. Even in the 3rd world we will see a turnaround. But that's getting OT.
That's right - if people are better off in terms of material goods and economic position, they do tend to have fewer children... but only up to a point. Part of it's that you can't actually afford to have more kids after a while - each child is an investment in time and money that is difficult to afford after two or three, which is why many middle class families only have that number. If you're really wealthy, on the other hand, you can afford to have more than two or three... and quite a few of the really wealthy people end up marrying serially and having quite a few children. Or else one partner and four or five kids. However, this needs to be seperated from wealth - it's the lack of wealth which is the constraint in having children, or job pressures. More kids means you need more room for everyone, more food for everyone, more money for clothing and health care, etc.
However, in a new colony, you've got that space - the land is going to cost relatively little since it is undeveloped and there's less competition for it. Health care will be a limiting factor, as will food, but a newly colonized planet which is basically human-habitable will enable larger family groups. In an agricultural colony, even allowing for automation, you're probably going to see somewhat larger families than the average urban family unit - there's an advantage on having more than two kids to handle chores around the farm, and it also means that you don't need quite as much equipment... or that you can do more with the equipment you have. Equipment costs are probably significant enough that you don't want to transport or support more infrastructure than you absolutely have to in the earliest stages of the colony - and kids can be produced on site, unlike advanced automated farm equipment. They're also more versatile, and allow the colony to rapidly establish itself as a self-sustaining population.
Beyond that, you've forgotten two other populations in your generalization that 'women who are equal will not be reduced to machines who have kids' - one is the religious groups who will take advantage of colonization opportunities to construct their own new 'perfect societies'. Some of these religions may well encourage child-rearing, considering it to be an occupation equal to that of growing grain or whatever. Another group you've forgotten in that statement are those who actually do want kids - yes, women and men are equal... but some women and men will want to have larger families than they can legally have in a nation which has strict population limitation measures in effect. As I've already noted, under the WEC the population of Earth had expanded greatly and apparently most of the masses were rather poor and disadvantaged. If given a chance to escape this situation by colonization, many of them would have been off in a shot... and none of them were well-off enough to really be influenced by your 'wealthier people have fewer kids' idea. 'Not enough food' would have been more important in limiting growth in that population.
Besides, one needs to remember the Pandemics in the pre-Terran Confederation period to understand why colonization would have been aggressively pursued - they were apparently overcrowded enough to make super-epidemics a serious problem. This doesn't sound like a small population of well-off citizens; it looks more like the breeding ground for a massive diaspora.
Moonsword said:
There's something you're missing:
The largest areas of population growth have been in Africa, China, and India. The most 'developed' countries have relatively little population growth. The increase in agricultural products available to those other areas has caused a population boom... which is straining the increased food availability.
I think I said something about this a few posts back, or at least hinted at it:
Haesslich said:
That's right - health care got better with the introduction of antibiotics and medical techniques discovered during the Second World War, and that began the baby boom. As the population became more healthy, that meant fewer people died off due to various natural maladies and lived longer. This also meant fewer children died, which meant that the population also grew. However, it should be noted that the declinining birth rate in most of the first-world nations is not due to better health care, but rather the fact that the higher standard of living (and the work required to maintain it) means that they're less inclined to have children who they have to support until they're through college or whatever. Back when the children could be put to work for you, more kids were an asset - and they still would be on a colony world, since they could help around the house as it were.
In other words, it's not the better health care that's caused a decline in birth rates - it's more that, in an urbanized society, there's no advantage to having more than two or three kids - and with what you end up paying just to raise one kid to adulthood, it's a liability. In a more rural setting, more kids meant you had more workers handy, or else someone to take care of you and support you with their own work once you grew old - the introduction of pensions and social assistance for seniors has reduced this need somewhat, and combined with the above factors has helped lower the births in most first-world nations. Worse yet, the present-day economic realities of work and the requirements to stay competitive have not helped: look at Japan or anywhere that has a really strong work-ethic and you'll notice that the deathrate is starting to outstrip the birthrate, because everyone of age to reproduce is either pursuing a career, or else their significant other is pursuing a career and isn't home long enough to do the deed. This poses a huge problem for those nations as, within the next twenty years, a large population of senior citizens will be added to their social welfare nets while there are fewer workers to help maintain them.
Spien said:
Also when entire new planets are discovered and colonized you can expect huge population explosions since there is new land and resources to exploit, and when cultivating a new land you might even see large farm families of the past making a comeback for short times in order to cultivate untamed worlds. Look at the United States for a real world example as Edfilo already covered.
I don't find it hard to believe than if hummanity was to spread to new worlds that it would quickly populate them in only a few generations.
Exactly - when there's new land to colonize, you'll almost always find a few pioneers who are either adventurous enough, idealistic enough, or just desperate enough to make a go at it in a new area. They'll take along what technology they already have, and then go off to these new areas to make a better life for themselves. Even with machines, you could probably expect them to have a few more kids, especially if there's no social net to handle them when they get older - in first world nations where we've got social support systems in place due to strong governments or private business, there's no advantage to having more than two kids. When you don't have that sort of system in place, or at least no reasonable expectations that there's an industralized-enough society present to allow for that, more than two kids equals security for your declining years - they can provide some support, and they can also maintain or expand holdings in an agriculturally-based economy. Even without that, there are advantages to building up a population base as a new colony - it's easier to become self-sustaining once you hit a certain population level, one that can support heavy industry and some technoogical development.