Man, am I ever late to this thread. Anyways, I agree with everything Brad and Cyberion have said.
Lightwave is a very very very nice package that will have just about everything you'd ever want in a 3d program. However, it is also a pretty expensive package and based on what you're saying you want to spend...quite a bit out of your price range. Examples of things done in Lightwave? The Starship Troopers TV Show and a billion other things...
3d Studio Max - (See Lightwave).
Milkshape 3d is a very cheap modelling program developed by ChumBalumsoft (sp?) for
game modelling. In other words, if you want to create low poly, low detail game models this will work for you. Once you get above 15,000 polys...it will start to break down. Most important thing to note about Milkshape is that is has no rendering engine (you won't be able to make the pretty pictures
), very limited animation capabilities and limited texturing options. I wouldn't recommend this program over something free like Gmax. (Note: Milkshape 3d was the first program I ever started trying 3d in).
Maya - (See Lightwave and 3d Studio Max).
Bryce 3d - Okay, this is a poor man's 3d program. It has some very very awesome features (landscape and environment settings are top notch) and some very very pathetic drawbacks (rendering engine takes FOREVER! Also very very very limited 3d modelling capabilities). However Bryce is comparatively cheap and extremely easy to pick up and learn.
Blender - If I'm not mistaken, Blender is a cheap 3d program that has a very basic rendering engine...it's modelling capabilities are similar to Milkshape 3d. I have seen some impressive things done in Blender however.
Rhino - Now this is an interesting little program. It has fantastic modelling capabilities, if it can be done in Lightwave, 3d Studio Max, Maya etc...it can be done in Rhino (as far as modelling goes!). Beyond the actual modelling, Rhino falls short. Examples of things created in Rhino? The Goblins hover thingie in the Spiderman movie.
Cinema 4d - Okay, now we're to the program that I use.
This baby is fantastic (IMHO). It has all the options of the big name titles (Lightwave, 3d Studio Max, Maya) but at half the cost. There is a free demo on
www.maxon.net. Examples of things done in Cinema 4d? The Collesium from Gladiator...
So what is my recommendation? I recommend you get GMAX because it's free...play around with it until you can model absolutely anything you want and then start considering purchasing a full 3d package. The principles of modelling are universal and can be applied to almost any 3d package...all you have to do is figure out the interface.